Name: Zuniceratops
(Zuni-horned face).
Phonetic: Zoo-nee-ceh-ra-tops.
Named By: Douglas G. Wolfe and James I. Kirkland -
1998.
Classification: Chordata, Reptilia, Dinosauria,
Ornithischia, Genasauria, Cerapoda, Marginocephalia, Ceratopia
Ceratopsomorpha.
Species: Z. christopheri.
Type: Herbivore.
Size: 3.5 meters long.
Known locations: U.S.A., New Mexico, Moreno Hill
Formation.
Time period: Turonian of the Cretaceous.
Fossil representation: Bones from several animals,
One Skull.
Zuniceratops
is very important to the fossil record as it is the first ceratopsian
known to have brow horns and also the oldest species recovered from
North
America. This lends weight to the theory that the horned ceratopsians
evolved in North America as opposed to Asia.
The
frill on Zuniceratops was
fenestrated, meaning it was not solid bone but had two large holes in
the bone that were grown over with skin. This would have made the frill
considerably lighter than it would have been if it was solid
throughout, but was not likely a defensive structure as these skin
covered holes would not have stopped a predator. Instead it's more
likely that the frill was for displaying to others of its species.
In
Juvenile specimens the
teeth are single rooted, not becoming double rooted until they mature
with age. Also the horns are believed to have been continuously growing
throughout their age, the largest specimens being from the oldest
individuals.
Further reading
- Zuniceratops christopheri n. gen. & n.
sp., a ceratopsian
dinosaur from the Moreno Hill Formation (Cretaceous, Turonian) of
west-central New Mexico - Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial
Ecosystems, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
24: 307–317. - D. G. Wolfe & J. I. Kirkland - 1998.
- New information on the skull of Zuniceratops christopheri,
a
neoceratopsian dinosaur from the Cretaceous Moreno Hill Formation, New
Mexico. pp. 93–94, in S. G. Lucas and A. B. Heckert, eds. Dinosaurs of
New Mexico. - New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
No. 17. - D. G. Wolfe - 2000.