Anthracosaurus

An-fra-coe-sore-us.
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Lilah Turner

Evolutionary Biologist

Lilah Turner investigates how prehistoric animals adapted to changing environments, offering insights into evolution's mechanisms.

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Name

Anthracosaurus ‭(‬Coal lizard‭)‬.

Phonetic

An-fra-coe-sore-us.

Named By

Thomas Henry Huxley‭ ‬-‭ ‬1863.

Classification

Chordata,‭ ‬Amphibia,‭ ‬Reptiliomorpha,‭ ‬Embolomeri,‭ ‬Anthracosauridae.

Diet

Carnivore/Piscivore.

Species

A.‭ ‬russelli‭

Size

Skull‭ ‬40‭ ‬centimetres long,‭ ‬body estimated up to about‭ ‬3‭ ‬meters long.

Known locations

England and Scotland.

Time Period

Moscovian of the Carboniferous.

Fossil representation

Skull fragments.

In Depth

       Anthracosaurus is believed to have been a member of the Embolomeri,‭ ‬a sub group of the reptilomorphs.‭ ‬So far only elements of the skull are known,‭ ‬but if Anthracosaurus had a body similar in form to it relatives like Archeria,‭ ‬then the body and tail would have been long and slender and up to about three meters long.‭ ‬Long,‭ ‬slender bodies that are termed eel-like are commonly seen in carboniferous vertebrates since they allowed for easier navigation through clogged carboniferous swamps and water systems.‭ ‬Aside from some amphibians and reptilomorphs,‭ ‬xenacanthid sharks also display elongated eel-like body forms.

       Anthracosaurus had long sharp teeth in its jaws,‭ ‬and also a second set on the roof of its mouth.‭ ‬These would have been used to spear and trap soft bodied prey such as fish and even other amphibians,‭ ‬which then would probably be swallowed whole.

Further Reading

-‭ ‬Description of Anthracosaurus russelli,‭ ‬a new labyrinthodont form the Lanarkshire coal field,‭ ‬Thomas Henry Huxley‭ ‬-‭ ‬1863. -‭ ‬On Anthracosaurus russelli Huxley‭ (‬Amphibia:‭ ‬Labyrinthodontia‭) ‬and the family Anthracosauridae,‭ ‬A.‭ ‬L.‭ ‬Panchen‭ ‬-‭ ‬1977. -‭ ‬Two new specimens of Anthracosaurus‭ (‬Amphibia:‭ ‬Anthracosauria‭) ‬from the Northumberland Coal Measures,‭ ‬Jennifer A.‭ ‬Clack‭ ‬-‭ ‬1987.

SPECIES SPOTLIGHT