Acanthodes

Ah-can-tho-deez.
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Cassidy Wood

Paleoentomologist

Cassidy Wood uncovers the tiny yet significant world of prehistoric insects. Her research on amber-preserved specimens has revealed intricate details about ancient ecosystems.

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Name

Acanthodes (Spiny base).

Phonetic

Ah-can-tho-deez.

Named By

Agassiz - 1833.

Classification

Chordata, Acanthodii, Acanthodiformes.

Diet

Filter feeder.

Species

A. bronni (type), numerous other species including A. armatus, A. bourbonensis, A. boyi, A. bridgei, A. dublinensis, A. flavipes, A. fritschi, A. gracilis, A. hebe. A. kinneyi, A. lopatini, A. luedersensis, A. lundi, A. marshi, A. nitidus, A. ovensi, A. rufa, A. sippeli, A. stambergi, A. sulcatus, A. tarsata, A. tholeyi, A. wardi

Size

30 centimetres long.

Known locations

Worldwide.

Time Period

Early Carboniferous to Early Permian.

Fossil representation

Many remains including complete specimens.

In Depth

       Acanthodes was what is called a spiny shark, a type of fish that are related to true sharks. The spiny sharks had spines that supported their fins as well as providing some defence against predators. Acanthodes however actually has relatively few spines for a spiny shark with a total of six spines being present in the pectoral, pelvic, anal and dorsal fins (one spine per fin). Because Acanthodes had no teeth, it is thought to have been a feeder of plankton and possibly small invertebrates and because of the lack of defensive spines, it may have swam in groups with others of its kind relying more upon safety in numbers.

Further Reading

– Kansas Hamilton Quarry (Upper Pennsylvanian) Acanthodes, with remarks on the previously reported North American occurrences of the genus. – The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions (83). – Jiri Zidek – 1976. – Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes. – Nature. 486 (7402): 247–250. – S. Davis, J. Finarelli & M. Coates – 2012.

SPECIES SPOTLIGHT